Word: braziller
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...officials insist that there is no scientific support for the claim. But under pressure from consumer groups, Italy, West Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium have banned the additives, which prompted the E.C.'s import restriction. While the U.S. has stood firm on the issue, other meat exporters (New Zealand, Brazil, Argentina and Australia) have agreed to ship only hormone-free beef to Europe...
...debt bomb is no less disturbing. In the 1980s new democracies laboriously replaced dictatorships in more than half a dozen Latin American countries. In Argentina the third military uprising in 20 months was dispelled; shortly afterward, soldiers won a 20% pay hike. By sweeping municipal elections in Brazil's major cities last November, the left posed a credible political threat to the government of President Jose Sarney. With nearly a dozen Latin American debtor nations scheduled to hold presidential elections in the next two years, some populist candidates lure voters with promises of radical solutions to break the debt squeeze...
...only as much as they can afford. For some nations the plan would be tantamount to debt forgiveness, which would force banks to write off the loan- loss reserves they have set aside against the possibility of defaults. But countries that have tried to declare moratoriums, like Peru and Brazil, have learned they merely forfeit all chance of fresh credit. Yet another plan, advocated by James Robinson III of American Express, urges creation of an international debt-management authority. The body would buy all outstanding downgraded bank loans. The difference between the loans' current discounts and their face values would...
...more palatable to commercial bankers is a mixed formula of voluntary and negotiated debt reduction between the banks and debtor nations. Last September Brazil signed a package worth $82.1 billion that includes an $8.3 billion net reduction in debt in 1988 and 1989, and $5.2 billion in new money. Venezuelan economic officials are considering a novel way to raise $1 billion that would make future oil sales a guarantee against new credits...
...African nations are expanding at the fastest rate. During the next 30 years, for example, the population of Kenya (annual growth rate: 4%) will jump from 23 million to 79 million; Nigeria's population (growth rate: 3%) will soar from 112 million to 274 million. Expansion is slower in Brazil, China, India and Indonesia, but in those countries the sheer size of existing populations translates into a huge increase in people...