Word: breakthrough
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Last week three doctors on the staff of Manhattan's Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases reported the first substantial breakthrough on the radiation-damage front. Noting that patients with overactive thyroids seemed to suffer less radiation injury, they tried a synthetic thyroid hormone product, triiodothyronine. Of 26 patients who got the "T3" in an ointment within two to four weeks after damaging radiation, 22 showed a good to excellent response; in two it was only fair, and two had to give up because of allergic reactions. All 26 reported immediate relief of pain...
...Scanner represented a major breakthrough for Springdale and Eastman Kodak engineers who labored jointly on the project for ten years. An electronic "computer," it automatically transmutes color transparencies (Kodachrome, Ektachrome, etc.) into four separate negatives (one for each color) from which engravings or lithographic plates are made for four-color printing. Other Springdale firsts include an aluminum-backed letterpress plate, an internal lockup plate cylinder, a high-speed bindery, and the "balanced light"illuminator...
...Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals. The nomination, first submitted last July, had been stuck in the Judiciary Committee by determined Southern opposition to Sobeloff because of his "unsympathetic" racial views (before the Supreme Court he argued the Government's 1955 case on implementing the school desegregation decision). The breakthrough, after a month-long filibuster by South Carolina's Olin D. Johnston, came in an 8-2 committee vote to report the nomination...
...concrete-shielded symbol of an economic force more far-reaching even than atomic energy. The force: research in industry. In the past 15 years a torrent of technological change has brought the U.S. greater material advances than any other nation has experienced in all history. With every breakthrough in the laboratory, industry has turned the new knowledge into new products for a society whose inventiveness has made achievement the bright converse of obsolescence...
Another Bell breakthrough in 1948 was the discovery, after years of basic research into the structure of matter, that a solid metal such as germanium or silicon (earth's most abundant solid element) can be made to act like a vacuum tube, i.e., it will amplify an electric signal. Result: the flea-size transistor−and a king-size new industry. Thirty-five manufacturers have already turned out 7,000,000 transistors v. 1 billion vacuum tubes now in use in the U.S., are doubling output each year. Transistors will multiply the speed of future telephone exchanges...