Word: breakthrough
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...market rose. Not only did the Dow-Jones industrial average hit a new high of 225.17, but the New York Times index of 50 stocks, which up to then had not broken through its 1946 high mark of 148.50 (TIME, June 5), shot up to 148.53. This new breakthrough started a new rush to buy. By week's end the Times index had risen to 150.35. This week the rising Dow-Jones industrials hit 228.38, the highest mark the bull market has yet reached...
...Robert Schuman's bold initiative, the West's position seemed a great deal firmer and clearer than it had in some time. Reported TIME'S Washington Bureau: "Washington estimated tentatively that the Western Allies may be on the edge of their most important strategic breakthrough in the cold war since the Kremlin was forced, a year ago, to abandon the siege of Berlin...
...whole of the peace-waging, serving as a central point of decision, weighing all of the many commitments pressed upon us, guiding the best disposition of our strained resources, determining where in the world we are to fight a mere holding action, and where we can achieve a decisive breakthrough-and at what effort...
...first breakthrough came with the domestication (almost simultaneous) of plants and animals. Agricultural man, who appeared in the Middle East about 7,000 years ago, filled whole fields with food plants and thus turned more solar energy into a form he could use. This method (level two) was much more effective than level one. About 1,000 years after its start, high civilizations were flourishing, with big cities, proud kings, complex religions and devastating wars. Many such cultures rose and fell with rhythmic repetition. But except for such cycles, there was little change for nearly 6,000 years...
...next breakthrough (level three) came in the early 1700's, when western Europeans began using fossil fuels: coal, then later oil and natural gas. Their use in various heat-engines started a new cultural cycle that soon shot far above the peaks of level two. Many fossil fuel cultures might have risen and fallen, but they never got a chance. Before the first of them, our own, had reached its peak, level four began when the first atomic bomb was set off at Alamogordo, N. Mex., July...