Word: breakthrough
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...there are simply not enough donor hearts around for the up to 75,000 U.S. patients who need them each year. For this reason, Barnard's fellow pioneers, Michael DeBakey and Denton Cooley, say the Utah heart is an important breakthrough. Both believe, however, that it should be used only temporarily to sustain patients until donors can be found. Cooley has in fact twice used a more primitive apparatus than Jarvik's for this purpose. Says Cooley: "I've never thought of the artificial heart and transplant as being competitive. They complement each other...
...other important foreign policy problem inherited by Andropov is the Soviet Union's deep, longstanding quarrel with China. In the months before his death, Brezhnev made several speeches that signaled a willingness to reduce tension, but neither country is under any illusion that a breakthrough will be possible on major points of contention...
...production of the growth hormone is determined by another hormone, known as growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF). Scientists have known for decades that GRF is produced by the hypothalamus, located in the forebrain. But the problem of isolating GRF and then artificially reproducing it remained unsolved until the breakthrough, reported in Science last week, by researchers at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif...
...past, such a breakthrough in cryptography might have mattered only to a few hundred cryptanalysts and a handful of spies. Today, however, the demonstration of a code's vulnerability nevitably has worrisome implications for the way banks and multinational firms do business. Consider the stakes: the U.S. banking system alone moves some $400 billion by computer around the country every day; yet many banks pump money onto the wires and over satellite networks with little or no encryption, or coding, at all. Predicts Mathematician Ralph Merkle, a member of the Stanford codemaking team: "One of these days someone will...
...company's new film represents an important technological breakthrough. For years researchers seeking to devise high-speed color print films have been stymied by the difficulties involved in increasing the light sensitivity of photographic film without producing grainy or fuzzy pictures. Kodak scientists overcame this problem by in effect redesigning the physical structure of the silver halide crystals that form the light-sensitive coating of unexposed film. In their changed shape the crystals now are flatter, with more of their surface area being exposed to light on the film itself. This lets less light do more work, thereby making...