Word: breast
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...surrounding tissue. Slowly it extends one, two, three fingerlike probes and begins to creep. Then it detects the pulsating presence of a nearby capillary and darts between the cells that compose the blood- vessel wall. It dives into the red river that courses through lung and liver, breast and brain. An hour or so later, it surfaces on some tranquil shore, settles down and -- at the expense of its hapless neighbors -- begins to prosper...
...survive the turbulent voyage through the bloodstream, notes experimental oncologist Ann Chambers of the London Regional Cancer Centre in Ontario. But those that do eventually slip through blood-vessel walls with ease. Using a video camera attached to a microscopic lens, Chambers has watched in wonder as melanoma and breast-cancer cells, injected into mice, become lodged in capillary walls, then crawl out into the liver. Three days later, her camera resolves the spidery shapes of tiny metastatic growths. The lesson, Chambers believes, is depressingly clear. Cancer cells zip in and out of blood vessels so readily that, once angiogenesis...
...first identified by Steeg in 1988. It seems to help mature cells stop dividing and arrange themselves in an orderly fashion. Steeg's research suggests that in cancer cells this crucial gene often malfunctions. When she introduced a normal nm23 gene (nm stands for nonmetastatic) into highly malignant human breast cells, then injected these cells into mice, their tendency to form metastases dropped as much...
...Year. But now there is a new contender for notoriety -- MTS1, as Alexander Kamb and his colleagues refer to the multiple tumor- suppressor gene they have just discovered. "Multiple" refers to the fact that defects in this gene can cause many kinds of cancer, including melanoma, lung, breast and brain tumors. In fact, functional copies of MTS1 may be missing in more than 50% of all human cancers...
...this reasoning, even metastatic cancer may eventually be brought to heel. Squeezed into a tiny cubicle day after day at the National Cancer Institute, Patricia Steeg stares at colonies of aggressive breast-cancer cells that have shut down the protective nm23 gene. Soon she will squirt over these colonies newly identified antitumor compounds. Among them she hopes to find one, maybe more, that interferes with metastatic growth. A total of 14 of these compounds are already sitting in a freezer in her lab -- white crystals that cluster like snowflakes in the bottom of test tubes. If these fail to have...