Word: breast
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More than 250,000 women 35 years old and older have taken part over the past three years in a breast-cancer detection program conducted by the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute. Because any cancerous tumors they may have are detected early, say the sponsors, these women presumably will have a lower-than-average rate of mortality from breast cancer, which will kill some 32,000 in the U.S. this year. Last week the screening program became the center of a major medical storm stirred by a group of doctors who warned that X rays used...
...Dose. Besides having her breasts examined manually and photographed by a heat-sensitive technique called thermography,* every participant in the screening program is annually subjected to mammography, or breast X rays. Although only an extremely low dose of radiation is required, a team of scientists under the leadership of Dr. Lester Breslow, a U.C.L.A. epidemiologist, nonetheless argues that it may well be enough to cause cancer. Mammography, Breslow insists, is "a striking example of a situation where the very disease may be caused by the technology...
...evidence, Breslow cited a seven-year breast-cancer detection program, involving 62,000 women, undertaken in the 1960s by New York's Health Insurance Plan (H.I.P.). Analysis of the H.I.P. statistics showed that while mammography was of significant value in women over 50, the screening program did not reduce the mortality rate in those under that age. Breslow also noted studies showing increased breast-cancer rates among women exposed to higher radiation levels-those subjected to X rays in treatment of tuberculosis, patients receiving radiotherapy for acute breast infection, and survivors of A-blasts in Japan. Extrapolating from these...
...Newell, NCI'S deputy director, said that he would have no hesitation recommending mammography for any woman over 50. "For a woman under 50," he added, "I would tell her that there is a risk attached to the X-ray technique, a small risk that she might get breast cancer 15 to 30 years from now. But I would also state that by then there is a good chance there will be better treatment and a possible cure...
...Marquis of Carmarthen in the House of Lords. Edmund Burke made the same point with more sympathy for the Colonists: "The scarcity you have felt would have been a desolating famine if this child of your old age, with a true filial piety, had not put the full breast of its youthful exuberance to the mouth of its exhausted parent...