Word: bretons
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...show was organized by Poet Andre Breton, 64, who wrote the first surrealist manifesto in 1924 and still presides over a dogged group of followers in Paris. Breton chose the artists to be represented from all over Europe and the U.S. Gentle, 73-year-old Marcel (Nude Descending a Staircase) Duchamp, who 37 years ago gave up painting in favor of chess, helped hang the exhibition at the gallery. The paintings were anywhere from 44 years to a few months old. showing that there is life of a sort in the old movement...
...articulated dissent embodied itself in a manifesto "On the Right to Refuse Service in the Algerian War," which was issued on September 1. The document signed by Jean-Paul Sartre, Simon de Beauvoir, Andre Breton, Simone Signore and 117 other French artists and intellectuals was essentially a refutation of responsibility for the excesses of the repressive French army. "French militarism, fifteen years after the destruction of Hitlerism, has restored torture," declared the signers. "What is the meaning of good citizenship," they asked, "when it is defined as shameful submission...
...demanded a special National Assembly session on the farm problem. De Gaulle flatly-and probably unconstitutionally-refused (TIME, March 28). Denied an outlet for their grievances through normal political channels, 400,000 peasants last week turned out across the length and breadth of France in protest demonstrations. In the Breton town of Quimper, farmers in clogs, smocks and broad-brimmed velvet hats blockaded the railway station for three hours, were hurled back from the city hall only by police baton charges. At Sens, 60 miles south of Paris, another 3,000 peasants fought a pitched battle with steel-helmeted riot...
...Soon Bretons became convinced that this path was the way of penitence; tradition demanded that they follow it in pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime or else be obliged to do so after death, advancing only one coffin-length each year. In the 10th century, Benedictine monks built a monastery just outside the town, and the pilgrimage turned into a "pardon walk" around the monastery's land-hence the word Tromenie, which is Breton for "tour of the refuge...
This year's tour followed the old tradition: to the clatter of cowbells, bagpipes and lusty Breton hymns, the pilgrims marched the ten penitential miles. Bearing crosses and banners, whole families walked together, singing and praying. The young helped the old across improvised bridges and through the sharp stubble of newly sickled wheat. At twelve resting places along the way, prayers were recited in makeshift chapels. That evening Locronan doors stayed open, and big rustic tables were laden with crêpes, bread, butter and cider. Last week the rituals ended with midnight Mass and a pageant re-enacting...