Word: breuer
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...show selects five as master form givers-the late Frank Lloyd Wright, Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Alvar Aalto. Of the second generation, eight are singled out as leaders: Architects Marcel Breuer, Wallace K. Harrison, Philip C. Johnson, Richard J. Neutra, Eero Saarinen, Edward D. Stone, Engineer R. Buckminster Fuller, and the firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. Reviewing the past, assessing the present, and eying the future, the show leads to two major conclusions: 1) modern architecture has now clearly swept its early Beaux Arts enemies from the battlefield; 2) its architects, secure in their conquest...
...early luminary of Walter Gropius' Bauhaus in Germany, which developed such formgivers as Mies van der Rohe, Marcel Breuer, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky and Moholy-Nagy, Albers came to the U.S. when Hitler closed the Bauhaus, taught at Black Mountain College and later headed Yale's Department of Design. At 70, Albers has the granitic and yet sensitive face of a northern Dante; though recently retired, he still finds opportunities to teach. "To distribute spiritual possessions," he may say to one shy talent, "is to multiply them." To another, more flamboyant, he may murmur in passing, "Calm down...
...Gropius, Sweden's Sven Markelius, Italy's Ernesto Rogers), was picked by UNESCO to name Les Trois who would actually design the building. The site was changed twice to placate the jittery guardians of Paris' celebrated skyline. With that act over, the U.S.'s Marcel Breuer, Italy's famed master of concrete, Pier Luigi Nervi, and France's Bernard Zehrfuss could get down to work...
Patterns in Sun. For the office building needed to house UNESCO's 1,080 permanent employees, Breuer found a functional solution: a Y-shaped structure (without air conditioning) that would give maximum light and air for the 600-odd offices. The elevators, stairs and toilets were grouped in a central service core at the axis of the prongs. To cut down glare from floor-to-ceiling windows, Breuer incorporated a variety of sunshade devices (horizontal sun-louvers, vertical slabs, extended brackets holding panes of thermal glass) that varied according to the various sun conditions and enriched...
...back on Henry Moore, vintage 1938, turned out a reclining, Swiss-cheese female, carved out of rich travertine from Michelangelo's old quarry at Carrara (see color). For all its massive ten tons, it fails of monumentality, is less successful than the reinforced concrete canopy behind it that Breuer and Nervi designed as an afterthought...