Word: brezhnevs
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Latvia has always had stronger ties to Moscow than have the other two republics. Latvian Riflemen made up the Kremlin's elite Praetorian Guard in the years after the Bolshevik Revolution, and party boss Arvid Pelshe became a fixture of the Brezhnev gerontocracy. Latvian First Secretary Janis Vagris, who gained his post last October when Boris Pugo was promoted to Moscow's Party Control Committee, is viewed by many as a compromise choice whose views on reform and political pluralism are acceptable to party conservatives...
...effective, the idea of self-reliance and experimentation had to evolve into more than just a prescription issued from the Kremlin. Gorbachev can take satisfaction and possibly draw some political strength from the evidence in Kuzbass and Donbass that workers may be stirring from the "stagnation" of the Leonid Brezhnev years. The daily Sovetskaya Rossiya put it succinctly: "Perestroika, which has until recently been a 'revolution from above,' is getting strong support from below...
...mujahedin, the contras and the Cambodian guerrillas are all foot soldiers of an American policy whose architect has left office -- the Reagan Doctrine. To punish Leonid Brezhnev for fomenting trouble in the Third World back in the 1970s, Ronald Reagan launched a global counteroffensive in the 1980s. By helping to arm virtually any group aiming to topple one of the Kremlin's clients, Reagan gave new force to the old U.S. strategy of "containing" Soviet expansionism...
Under the Brezhnev Doctrine, the Soviet Union declared that socialism was irreversible, which translated into a decree that its Warsaw Pact neighbors not be allowed to free themselves of Communist clutches. Hence the tanks of 1956 and 1968. Now comes the Gorbachev Doctrine, as articulated in his 1988 U.N. speech: "Freedom of choice is a universal principle that . . . applies both to the capitalist and the socialist system...
...addition, both countries endorsed "the right of peoples to self- determination." For the Soviets that code phrase amounted to a virtual renunciation of the so-called Brezhnev Doctrine, the justification for the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. Joked Soviet Foreign Ministry spokesman Gennadi Gerasimov: "Now we have the Frank Sinatra doctrine -- let them do it their...