Word: brezhnevs
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...Soviet inaction appeared to sound the death knell for a policy that took shape under Leonid Brezhnev. After the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the Soviet Union proclaimed that socialist countries had the right to invade a fellow socialist nation whenever the Communist political monopoly was threatened. The so-called Brezhnev Doctrine justified the tanks rolling into Prague and, by extension, Nikita Khrushchev's intervention in Hungary in 1956. But last December, Gorbachev announced that the "use or threat of force no longer can or must be an instrument of foreign policy...
Andranik Migranyan, a Soviet intellectual, last week explicitly condemned the Brezhnev Doctrine in the reformist weekly Moscow News. Migranyan noted, however, that "the ((democratic)) processes going on in ((Poland)) may be properly understood by the Soviet Union only when Soviet foreign policy interests are not challenged." No one knows how Moscow's military hard-liners would have reacted had Walesa refused to leave the Defense and Interior ministries in Communist Party hands...
Latvia has always had stronger ties to Moscow than have the other two republics. Latvian Riflemen made up the Kremlin's elite Praetorian Guard in the years after the Bolshevik Revolution, and party boss Arvid Pelshe became a fixture of the Brezhnev gerontocracy. Latvian First Secretary Janis Vagris, who gained his post last October when Boris Pugo was promoted to Moscow's Party Control Committee, is viewed by many as a compromise choice whose views on reform and political pluralism are acceptable to party conservatives...
...effective, the idea of self-reliance and experimentation had to evolve into more than just a prescription issued from the Kremlin. Gorbachev can take satisfaction and possibly draw some political strength from the evidence in Kuzbass and Donbass that workers may be stirring from the "stagnation" of the Leonid Brezhnev years. The daily Sovetskaya Rossiya put it succinctly: "Perestroika, which has until recently been a 'revolution from above,' is getting strong support from below...
...mujahedin, the contras and the Cambodian guerrillas are all foot soldiers of an American policy whose architect has left office -- the Reagan Doctrine. To punish Leonid Brezhnev for fomenting trouble in the Third World back in the 1970s, Ronald Reagan launched a global counteroffensive in the 1980s. By helping to arm virtually any group aiming to topple one of the Kremlin's clients, Reagan gave new force to the old U.S. strategy of "containing" Soviet expansionism...