Word: briand
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...that right. For the loser in a war, punishment was certain. But this was not a matter of law; it was simply a matter of course." In the wake of World War I, however, he continued, repeated efforts were made to outlaw war, "reaching their climax in the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, in which 63 nations, including Germany, renounced aggressive warfare. During that period the whole world was one, [ but ] we lacked the courage to enforce the authoritative decision. . . . We did not reach the second half of the question: What will you do to an aggressor when you catch...
Said Baruch: Russia's counterproposal actually adds up to little more than a formal renunciation of atomic warfare (as weak as the Kellogg-Briand Pact...
...Most formal sessions were held in the Athénée (birthplace of the Red Cross). Corridor conferences were held in a Geneva restaurant whose walls were hung with malicious caricatures of statesmen of the Europe which had just died. Cigaret smoke spiraled spectrally across figures of Laval, Briand, Chamberlain, Mussolini, as the intellectuals discussed the mistakes of the past and tried to lay a groundwork for a new pan-European peace of the mind...
...Briand's day, the economic argument for European federation was one of the strongest; since then its cogency had increased. Seventeen years ago economists knew that the European level of life was held down by the division of Europe into tiny fractions. In 1946, plain men everywhere knew it. Unless the standard of life in Europe rose, European civilization would not be possible. Anyone who doubted that could look at Europe's diet statistics, or, better, at such typically present-day European scenes as took place daily in Italy. As U.S. Army trucks carry garbage to dumps, Italians...
Churchill's European federation-even a federation of the West without the East -was not a matter of tomorrow or the day after; but perhaps the grisly necessities of life in Europe in 1946 made Churchill's dream a little more real than Briand...