Word: brill
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...more successful clinics, San Francisco's Legal Services for Children, was opened 18 months ago by Carole Brill, 28, an attractive, intense attorney with a background in prisoner rights law. Operating with local foundation financing out of a refurbished downtown factory building, the clinic's three attorneys and three paralegals can devote personal attention to individual problems that overburdened legal-aid attorneys and probation officers do not have time for. Since most of its clients are involved in juvenile court, the legal goal often boils down to finding an alternative to reform school, and persuading the judge...
...makes no other claims for their tests than that they predict how well an applicant will perform at the institution to which he is applying. And according to an article by Steve Brill in the October, 1974 issue of New York Magazine, entitled The Secrecy Behind The College Boards, "ETS admits that aptitude and achievement cannot be measured in terms nearly as specific as the score that is recorded." An SAT score of 600, says Brill, means only that there is a two-in-three chance that your true score would be somewhere between 570 and 630; there...
Although the Mississippi ruling was not that the tests themselves were inherently prejudiced, the question of racial, sexual and cultural bias in ETS tests has been coming up for years. Brill cites an ETS study that found a direct, consistent correlation between seven categories of family income and SAT scores: students from wealthy families have higher median board scores than middle-income students, who in turn score higher than low income students. Brill goes on to say that "other ETS data, which ETS Executive Vice President Solomon said could not be made public because 'it would be misinterpreted,' show that...
...most common complaint concerns racial bias. Mean SAT scores for blacks, according to an August, 1975 article by Susan Schwartz McDonald in the Philadelphia Inquirer, average about 100 points lower than mean scores for whites. Brill claims that he found a study that showed a gap of 133 points between the median scores of black and white males on Law Boards. Some, including the folks at ETS, argue that the lower mean scores simply reflect inequalities in the educational system--differences in previous training. Executive Vice President Solomon insisted to Brill that the tests "have actually opened doors" to minorities...
...speech at a "George Wallace Appreciation Day," the proceeds of which went to Wallace's presidential campaign; and about Carter's failure to reveal the names of contributors to his 1970 campaign. Not to mention some insightful words on why the studies of Carter done so far--like Brill's--have failed to have any measurable impact on Carter's success...