Word: brine
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...been the cost. Zarchin's apparatus tries to beat this drawback by supplementing freezing with distillation by vapor compression. Sea water is pumped into a low-pressure chamber where a part of it is turned into vapor; part is frozen; the remainder passes off as a concentrated brine. The vapor is then slightly compressed. This process turns the vapor into pure water and also generates enough heat to melt the pure ice crystals...
...failure, in which the heart periodically or progressively fails to meet the body's demands for blood and dangerously overworks. It causes "dropsy"-the body's retention of salt and water. One standard way to get rid of excess brine has been to inject a mercurial diuretic. Five research reports at Atlantic City meetings indicated that a mercurial drug to be taken regularly by mouth, chlormerodrin (Neo-hydrin), is both effective and safe for long-term...
...hard-muscled oil industry is both helped and bedeviled by lowly bacteria. To begin with, the oil itself was originally formed by bacteria out of organic remains sinking to the bottom of shallow seas. Bacteria still live in oil sands deep underground; many kinds of petroleum and oilfield brine are alive with them. One species lives only on the tops of salt domes, the telltale indicators of oil deposits, 1,500 ft. below the surface...
...much of the present Gulf of Mexico was covered by a shallow sea, connected with the open ocean by an even shallower strait. The climate must have been hot and dry, and the sea evaporated rapidly, drawing fresh salt water in through the strait. Its brine became saturated and deposited crystalline salt, which eventually formed a bed thousands of feet thick...
Later the climate grew wetter, and the rivers cleared the shallow sea of its heavy brine. Some of the salt on the bottom probably dissolved, but the rest was protected by sediment washed down from the land. As the sediment grew thicker, it pressed on the underlying salt, and the salt (comparatively light and plastic) billowed up through it like slow-motion bubbles rising in a viscous liquid...