Word: brookhaven
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...site of a $375 million AEC atom-smashing accelerator and so gain 2,000 new jobs, 10,000 new residents and a $16 million-a-year payroll. Haverhill, one among 148 locations considered by AEC, is no longer in the running, but six other communities, from Sacramento, Calif., to Brookhaven, N.Y., are still battling for that plum with offers of free land, improved schools, and even tax-subsidized power expansion. Their skirmishing is part of an increasingly competitive struggle among states and cities for new factories...
...called pions-one positive, one negative, one without any electrical charge. According to the laws of symmetry, the positive and negative pions should have identical energies. But when a team led by Columbia University's Dr. Paolo Franzini examined 1,441 photographs of eta-meson decay in the Brookhaven bubble chamber (TIME, July 8), they found that in 53% of the photographs the positive pion apparently had more energy than its negative counterpart-a significant violation of symmetry...
Because the Brookhaven bubble chamber has a fixed magnetic field, the positive pions that Franzini studied always curved in one direction, while the negative pions went the other way. If the field had been uneven for any reason, the higher positive-pion energy levels detected at Brookhaven might well have been erroneous. In the CERN spark chamber, the magnetic field was periodically reversed to make sure that positive and negative pions would both be subject to any variations in the field...
Though most scientists at the Berkeley meeting privately sided with the CERN findings, none would state flatly that symmetry had, after all, been restored. Franzini's group is preparing a new round of experiments at Brookhaven in an attempt to confirm the violations they reported; still another team led by Columbia University Physicist Leon Lederman will attempt a similar experiment, and the CERN scientists plan to make more tests of their own. "The evidence from the CERN experiments is by no means conclusive," says Franzini defiantly. "Many more experiments are needed before we can say who is right...
...next most powerful electron accelerator, should produce new and revealing glimpses of the subatomic world by their reactions with atomic nuclei. SLAC has also been designed for the eventual addition of another 715 klystrons, which would increase its energy level to 40 BEV, exceeding even the output of Brookhaven National Laboratory's 33 BEV proton-accelerating synchrotron, currently the world's most powerful accelerator...