Word: brookhaven
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They found their answer in the enormous alternating gradient synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island. That mighty machine can spin protons up to the energy of 33 billion electron-volts, bounce them off targets and produce all sorts of atomic debris-including neutrinos. Physicists figured that any new type neutrinos created by this monstrous slingshot should have as much as i billion volts of energy. They would not be nearly so numerous as the neutrinos flooding out of a nuclear reactor, but their high energy should allow them many more ways of interacting with matter; as a result...
...team that laid out the momentous experiment was led by Columbia Professors Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, and helped by Brookhaven scientists in charge of the synchrotron. First step was to shoot the machine's high-energy protons at a beryllium target and produce an intense beam of pions-which decay rapidly into muons, neutrinos (perhaps the new type), and other nuclear odds and ends. After shooting across some 70 ft., this beam of mixed particles hit a shield of battleship armor 42 ft. thick that stopped everything but the neutrinos, which sailed on unheeding...
Strauch has carried out these studies at the Cosmotron of the Brookhaven National Laboratory using a liquid bubble chamber The chamber was pioneered by the Cambridge Bubble chamber Group, high energy physicists from Harvard and several other New England institutions...
Scientists have long used high-energy protons (fundamental particles that form the nuclei of hydrogen atoms) as tools to explore the secret innards of matter. Two enormous accelerators, one at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, the other near Geneva, Switzerland, spew out protons with 30 billion electron-volts of energy. Yet in some ways protons are clumsy tools for basic research; for many subtle experiments, electrons (much lighter negative particles of electricity) are better. But electrons are so much more difficult to handle that scientists have never been able to give them really high energy. The Cambridge accelerator is designed...
Probing the Unknown. Dr. Livingston, who collaborated as a graduate student with Nobel Prizewinner Ernest Lawrence to invent the first cyclotron, in 1930, points out that while the Cambridge electron accelerator does not approach the energy of the 30-BEV proton accelerator at Brookhaven, it has important special talents. Since its electron projectiles are very small compared with protons, they can be used to explore the unknown inner structure of both protons and neutrons. They generate beams of enormously powerful 6-BEV X rays, and these in turn can be used to explore matter. The same big X rays, which...