Word: bruner
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...reports Jerome Bruner, 60, longtime Harvard psychologist now teaching at Oxford and author of such pioneering works as A Study of Thinking (1956) and The Process of Education (1960). In a recent address to the 21st International Congress of Psychology in Paris, Bruner challenged the popular view that infants are born egocentric and acquire language merely through some innate skill. "If you look at the child's behavior as he develops procedures of communication," said Bruner, "you cannot help but be struck by the fact that from the start the child is sociocentric. The child communicates not only because...
Adult Vicars. Learning to talk is no sudden discovery, according to Bruner. It takes about two years of dogged practice-by the mother as well as the child. (Bruner means not necessarily the child's natural mother, but someone who acts as "vicar" of the adult community.) Every word the vicar uses is a lesson in what sounds and tones work best. By the age of two months, the child can make a cry that demands or one that requests, i.e., one that awaits a response from the mother. "Mother talk," corresponding to "baby talk," tells the child that...
...addition to making sounds, mother and child use their eyes as part of the communication process. A mother spends much of her time during the child's first four to nine months, says Bruner, simply trying to discover what the child is looking at. At four months, 20% of babies can be induced to follow their mother's gaze, and by one year, 70% can do the same thing, even if she is looking at an object behind the baby...
Other members of the group include Jonathan Moore, director of the Institute of Politics; Richard E. Neustadt, professor of Government; Marc Roberts, associate professor of Economics; John D. Stein-bruner, professor of Public Policy, and Gary R. Orren, associate professor of Government...
...pushed higher by the fast-selling, inexpensive pop wines, which disguise their alcoholic content with sweet fruit flavors. These wines make the transition from soda pop to alcohol just one easy step. "Kids seem to look on the stuff as a zippy, sophisticated soft drink," says Houston's Bruner Lee, education director for the Texas Council on Alcoholism. "But this 'kiddie stuff,' this pop wine, contains 9% alcohol-about twice as much as beer." After the pop wine phase is over, the kids often go on to much stronger drink...