Word: buddhism
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Those busy little borrowers, the Japanese, prepared last week to pay back an old debt, with interest. The debt was Buddhism, which Japan borrowed from India (some 14 centuries ago) via China. Now the Japanese see in Buddhism a heaven-sent means of controlling their newly conquered Asiatic populations. A Nipponese broadcast, picked up by the Indian radio and cabled to the U.S., forecasts some steps in Tokyo's program of spiritual regeneration...
...Thai Buddhism has something in common with Japanese Buddhism. If we Japanese can control and guide [the Thai] priests, then we shall not have difficulty leading Thailand religiously...
Hinduism came before Buddhism in India, and lasted longer. Of the numerous Hindu deities, Brahma is boss, with Vishnu, the preserver, and Siva, god of destruction and creation, making up the Hindu trinity. The Hindu measures his own brevity by a vast time sense: a day in the life of Brahma runs roughly to 4,320,000,000 earthly years. Siva, as Lord of the Dance, is sometimes represented as both masculine and feminine (see cut) and incarnates the pulse of this cosmic life. "In the night of Brahma," says an Indian scholar, "Nature is inert, and cannot dance till...
...Buddhism, which originated in India in the 5th Century B.C., had spread all over the East but practically disappeared from its homeland by the 13th Century A.D.The Buddhist ascendancy mellowed Indian sculpture into a less sensuous character. Instead of the bulbous breasts, swivel hips, wasp waists and whirling, multiple arms of Hinduism's gods, the Buddha had a repose of form and peace of countenance somewhat like that of the greatest Greek sculpture...
Satyagraha, with its philosophic basis in Buddhism, Indian Mysticism, and also Christianity, has a hold on Hindu imagination. In Hindu eyes, it has proved itself in India's British relations. As to how it might work against an invader, Gandhi Student Krishnalal Shridharani says in a lengthy book on the subject, War Without Violence: "Satyagraha has not had to face an invading army. . . . Drawing upon our imagination-thousands of citizens would throw their defenseless bodies on the earth at the frontier, giving the invading horde a choice of either advancing over a human bloody carpet or staying outside...