Word: budgeteering
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Sadat not only wants peace but profoundly needs it. Egypt, disastrously impoverished and overpopulated, claustrophobically crowded into the life-sustaining Nile Valley, can no longer afford to spend 28% of its national budget on military hardware to aim at Israel. Egypt is also deeply weary of fighting. In the four bloody wars against Israel (1948, 1956, 1967, 1973), Egypt, of all the Arab states, has absorbed the heaviest losses. In '67 Egypt lost 3,000 killed, v. 600 for the Syrians and 696 for the Jordanians. Today the Nile Valley nationalism always present in the Egyptian character is asserting itself...
...rich Arabs. The Six-Day War of 1967 devastated the econ omy; among other blows, the closing of the Suez Canal cost Egypt an estimated $2 billion in vital revenue. Capital investment was diverted to acquire military hardware; arms spending currently absorbs 28% of the Egyptian national budget. After becoming President in 1970, Anwar Sadat began to dismantle Gamal Abdel Nasser's cumbersome socialist state and once again invited foreign investment. But the response has not even been as loud as a whisper. Last year, in order to pay off short-term debts, more capital flowed out of the country...
Christmas giving set new records for retail sales after several so-so years. Sales of toys and flowers were particularly strong. A survey of 40 state governments projects a budget surplus for 1978, and with the extra money comes a dedication to spend wisely. The old ills and excesses, the nation has learned, are too costly-crushing in economic terms and incalculable in human terms. Chicago's Cook County has spent $762,561 defending its public officials in lawsuits brought by the survivors of three Black Panthers gunned down by police...
...Bingham does not intend to reduce OSHA's staff of 2,700, which has almost doubled in the past five years, or its annual $134 million budget, which has nearly tripled in that time. So far businessmen give her good marks for intentions, lesser ones for accomplishment. Says James D. McKevitt, Washington counsel for the National Federation of Independent Business: "Talking a good game is one thing, but getting those bureaucrats at the bottom to implement it is something else. They often wall off the most well-intentioned administrator. They have the traffic-cop attitude. They just like the power...
...environmental commissioner, insists that every new rule proposed to him must include an economic impact statement and it is often submitted to state environmental offices for their comments. Costle always asks subordinates: "Have you looked at alternative ways, including doing nothing?" Though Carter's well-touted zero-based budgeting has gone nowhere in most agencies, it has worked well at EPA. Holed up in a windowless room for three weeks, officials constructed a new budget from the bottom up; for example, they shifted half the funds for noise abatement to a program for screening drinking water for toxic chemicals...