Word: buildups
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...American summit since Brezhnev and Gerald Ford met at Vladivostok in 1974. Clearly another one was overdue. Détente, launched in 1972 by Richard Nixon and Brezhnev to the clink of champagne glasses under the crystal chandeliers at the Kremlin, had eroded badly. There were strains over the huge buildup of Soviet nuclear and conventional arms, Soviet intervention in Africa, the fall of the pro-Western regime in Iran. Brezhnev, on the other hand, had been enraged by Carter's human rights campaign, which the Soviets viewed as interference with their internal affairs, the Americans' surprise proposal in 1977 that...
Perle: We're Falling Behind. The principal worry about SALT, Perle repeated over and over, is that the treaty as now drafted would permit the Soviets to continue their menacing strategic-arms buildup, while lulling the U.S. into a false sense of security that would prevent it from spending enough on defense. Said he: "In the last decade the Soviets have spent on strategic forces roughly $100 billion more than the U.S. has spent. We have seen an enormous shift in the strategic balance. In virtually every category in which the Soviets were behind a decade ago, they...
...solidarity. The first hint that West Germany might possibly be distancing itself from NATO was delivered by a leading figure of the left wing of Schmidt's own Social Democratic Party. Just as General Alexander Haig and other NATO commanders were warning about the Soviet Union's ominous military buildup, the S.P.D.'s parliamentary floor leader, Herbert Wehner, insisted that Moscow's moves were "defensive and not offensive." Wehner argued against the deployment of U.S. Cruise and Pershing II nuclear-tipped missiles on West German soil to counter Soviet intermediate-range weapons not covered by SALT...
During the buildup of the cold war in 1948, Randolph once again seized the opportunity to press for change. In an encounter with President Harry Truman that was just as contentious as the one with Roosevelt, Randolph insisted on eliminating segregation in the armed forces; otherwise, he warned that blacks would never bear arms again for their country. "I wish you hadn't made that statement," retorted Truman. "I didn't like it at all." But he, too, eventually capitulated and issued an Executive order banning discrimination in the military "as rapidly as possible...
Inevitably, pressures mount to produce intelligence to support a President's policy. During the years when detente was emphasized, the CIA consistently underestimated the Russian arms buildup. The consensus was that the Soviets were seeking parity with the U.S., a comfortable assumption that was eventually exploded. When it turned out that the Soviets seemed determined to pull ahead of the U.S., the CIA hastily revised its estimates upward. "The greatest intelligence failures stem from preconceptions," says an agency critic on Capitol Hill. "First there is a faulty analytical model, then an unjustified persistence in squeezing the data...