Word: built
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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This mill, built in 1918, measures 206-inches between housings, still rolls the wides steel plates of any mill in the world. It has made plates as wide as 202 inches. It has rolled from ingots weighing as much as 59 tons. It has rolled plates as thick as 2-inches, many of which support big buildings in New York City...
...great Thomas Henry Huxley. Geddes had turned to sociology and to the study of Edinburgh and other cities. Mumford became a student of New York. Within the next few years he covered the city systematically on foot, studied architecture, learned to tell the approximate date c tenement was built from a glance at the fire escape or the cornice...
...working norm, Arthur Mumford finds that the next age transformed the city impressively but to no great purpose, began its degradation through overcrowding. Serving a centralized State, baroque architects cut through the capital city with long, expensive radiating avenues for the king's triumphal parades, built palaces for him and barracks for the new institution of the standing army. The new institution of the proletariat they lodged in the first tenements, built over the medieval garden spaces. Sanitation fell behind as congestion increased. Yet in this age of luxury and disease two admirable forms arose: the scrubbed Dutch town...
...factory and the slum together composed the "non-city," and no authority existed by which they could be segregated. "Workers' houses . . . would be built smack up against a steel works, a dye plant, a gas works or a railroad cutting." Hanley, England (see cut) is an example. In workers' housing the one-family room became standard from Dublin to Bombay. Coketown (Mumford's name for the industrial city taken from Dickens' Hard Times), was so shrouded with smoke that "the black stove pipe hat was almost a functional design...
...mutations. In Rome the Christian Church was a mutation, in the medieval city a dominant, in the 17th Century capital a recessive, in the metropolis a survival. The pure industrial order was a dominant until about 1890, after which it became a recessive in the dominant metropolitan order, built on monopoly capitalism, credit finance, pecuniary prestige and the national culture of national advertising. "No human eye," says Author Mumford, "can take in this metropolitan mass at a glance. No single gathering place except the totality of its streets can hold all its citizens. No human mind can comprehend more than...