Word: bukharin
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...want to be able to express and write what I think and not what is currently acceptable," said Tolia, a student of Soviet history. Before the acclaimed rehabilitation of Bukharin, Tolia had written a positive article about him which was widely criticized. Yet after the rehabilitation made him acceptable again, Tolia's article was praised. Tolia said his goal is to be able to discuss the positive and negative sides of an issue and draw his own conclusions...
Gorbachev cited other historical "nonpersons." Leon Trotsky, an ally of Lenin's who was exiled by Stalin and assassinated by a Soviet agent in 1940, received a brief mention -- but only as a power-hungry schemer "who always vacillated and cheated." More fortunate was Nikolai Bukharin, another close Lenin aide who ran afoul of Stalin and was executed as a spy in 1938. Gorbachev credited Bukharin, who supported Lenin's free market-oriented New Economic Policy and opposed forced collectivization, with helping to frustrate Trotsky's ambitions. Yet Gorbachev felt compelled to cite Lenin's reservations about Bukharin's ideological...
...Soviet citizens. The old constitution also ensured a wide range of freedoms -press, assembly, religion and speech. As it happened, the 1936 constitution was adopted just as Stalin began his Great Purges, which cost 1 million lives, including that of the document's author, Bolshevik Leader Nikolai Bukharin. The new model not only reiterates most of the old guarantees but also promises Soviet citizens the right to have a house, income and savings, livestock and an assortment of "articles of everyday use and personal consumption and convenience." It enlarges freedoms to include the inviolability of correspondence, telephone conversations...
Only Lenin offers a thread of continuity and legitimacy of rule for Russia's present, apparently divided leadership. Virtually all of Lenin's closest Bolshevik comrades-Trotsky, Bukharin, Zinoviev, Kamenev-were dishonored and murdered by Stalin. For 40 years, from Lenin's death in 1924 through Khrushchev's ouster in 1964, every Russian leader was irreversibly disgraced by his successors. Such an interruption in legitimate succession demands a fresh reinforcement of the link between the present leaders and the founding father...
...Merleau-Ponty's account of Bukharin's behavior is correct, could not Stalin have granted Bukharin his intentions, and condemned his actions? Why make a farce of Bukharin's tragic acceptance of his guilt? Merleau-Ponty did not attempt to answer these questions directly, perhaps because for him Stalinism was not yet over: he continued to work with the French Communist Party until the existence of the labor camps in Russia was revealed a few years later. But he provides the terms for an answer, and suggests the consequences of remaining silent. For Stalin to acknowledge that Bukharin was guilty...