Word: bukharin
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...Bukharin, unshaken in his commitment to the Russian revolution, but confronted with the failure of the opposition to Stalin, achieving a political stance was more difficult. Condemned as a traitor, he determined both to admit, indeed, to help the Prosecutor establish, that in his untimely opposition to Stalin, he was no better than a traitor. At the same time, he tried to deny with all the irony and passion still left to him that he was in fact in the service of a foreign country. That this denial was in Merleau-Ponty's account, so difficult to make...
...particular view of history. And if your view is partial, or if what you counted on betrays you, you are still responsible for the outcome. It is this drama of historical responsibility that Merleau-Ponty lays bare for us in Koestler's novel, in the trial of Bukharin, and in the exile and assassination of Trotsky. Such responsibility, and the anxiety and willfulness which it inspires, makes of politics, as Napoleon said, the modern tragedy. One ought not to be surprised then, that most of the personal drama of politics lies in the ways men have found of living with...
Still, for all the talk of "polycentrism" in Communist leadership, Moscow has never really abandoned Nikolai Bukharin's notion that "centripetal tendencies" would one day unite world Communism under the Kremlin banner. Now the Czechoslovaks not only threaten to speed the breakup of Eastern Europe but propose a top-to-bottom spiritual reordering of the Communist way of life as well. Says British Kremlinologist Tibor Szamuely: "Russia is perfectly correct in interpreting the Czechoslovak experiment as something that will lead that country into a non-Communist democracy. The Soviet empire in Eastern Europe is at stake...
...editorials that spewed forth in Gorky's name pandered to Stalin's every whim; his formulation of socialist realism resulted in the most servile cultural creed ever imposed on the human intellect. Then in 1936, just before the Great Purge began, Gorky mysteriously died. During the Bukharin "show trial," witnesses "confessed" that he had been murdered by the "rightist-Trotskyite conspiracy...
Cleared Smoke. The triangular division that Marxism is so prone to became evident even before Lenin's death in 1924. The right wing of the Central Committee was led by Bukharin, who wanted an even wider application of the NEP; the center was dourly controlled by Stalin; and the left followed Trotsky and the flamboyant Zinoviev. When the smoke cleared, Trotsky was again in exile, Zinoviev and Bukharin were dead, and Stalin was in power...