Word: bulgaria
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Under Stalin's hand the binding to Moscow (i.e., "the socialist center") has been proceeding apace. Since December 1943, 16 separate treaties of military alliance have knitted together the Soviet motherland and her East European brood. The last of these (linking Russia, Rumania, Hungary and Bulgaria) were signed between January and March 1948-a year before the emergence of a counterpart in the West...
...embodiment of conventional diplomacy. With discreet gestures of guidance, he led delegate after delegate to a huge table in the French Foreign Ministry's Galerie de la Paix where the Allies signed their lenient peace treaties with Hitler's former allies, Hungary, Rumania and Bulgaria. After the signing, the treaties were sent to Moscow, for safekeeping...
Flagrant Violations. The treaties, said the U.S. State Department, have been "flagrantly violated" by Hungary, Rumania and Bulgaria. The three satellites have ignored the clauses limiting their armed forces, both by building up regular armies larger than permitted and recruiting "irregular" formations, such as "frontier guards," militia, etc. They have consistently sabotaged the "property rights" of the Western nations, guaranteed under the treaties, notably by expropriating U.S. and British oil companies. Above all, in a long series of political and religious persecutions, they have trampled on the treaty clauses in which they promised to all their citizens "without distinction...
...baked-mud huts were inhabited by some 500 Arab families who worked the nearby vineyards and orange groves, occasionally sniped at a passing Jewish convoy. As the Jewish troops approached, most Arab families fled, the rest were chased out. Today Akir is a community of 300 Jewish families from Bulgaria, Poland, Rumania and Yemen. These new inhabitants have moved in to stay...
Most of Akir's Jews come from Bulgaria ; the town is jokingly called "Little Sofia." Nissim Shamle, a Bulgarian electrician with four children, summarized the hopes and complaints of Akir. "We are far from 100% organized, but we see a good beginning," he said as a crowd of roughly dressed settlers in work caps nodded approval. "Of course there is still the Arab cemetery. We have left that untouched. We have a school and a small synagogue...