Word: bunkerism
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...Spanish governing elite is deeply divided between the party of the "bunker" and the party of the "aperture", opponents and proponents of liberal change. The men of the bunker, so named by analogy to Hitler's die-hard supporters in 1945, oppose any reform and hope to preserve the Franco state intact as long as possible, including its secret police and political arrests. These men represent Franco's family, civil war generals, high state officials, and a host of para-military groups like the Falange and the Guerillas of Christ the King. The bunker deeply distrusts Juan Carlos...
...party of the aperture, monarchists who want Juan Carlos to enact democratic reforms, minimize the influence of the bunker despite its demonstrated ability to accelerate repression in recent months. These "moderates" are members of the Cortes and the National Movement, Spain's only legal political party, as well as high bureaucrats, corporate executives, and former ministers and ambassadors. They have organized political groups like the FEDISA (Federation of Independent Study Groups) and Tacito, which publish manifestos in the Catholic press and hope to direct post-Franco Spain...
...both bigger and better looking, but though O'Brien speaks and moves smoothly, he doesn't have the physical presence to do justice to the part. In contrast, Tony Horowitz as Norman and Diane Sherlock as Shelley are marvelously convincing caricatures. Ethan Dmitrovsky plays Willis the landlord Archie Bunker-style; his dream monologue is the most haunting moment of the play...
Neither the bunker nor the Communists, for instance, are thought to represent more than 10% of the population. But each can mobilize strength far beyond its numbers. The P.C.E., with between 20,000 and 70,000 clandestine members, is Spain's most organized political movement and has deeply infiltrated the unofficial labor movement and key bourgeois professional organizations. The bunker is solidly rooted in the military, the church, the government-controlled official unions and the Movimiento Nacional. It can also call its forces out onto the streets-old Civil War veterans for mass marches and youthful terrorists, such...
Life as Usual. Even the military, which ultimately may determine who rules and what policies will be pursued, remains a political mystery. Its oldest officers and the veterans of the Blue Division (the volunteers who fought alongside the Nazis in World War II) back the bunker. Other key officers like former army Chief of Staff Manuel Díez Alegría openly advocate gradual, democratic reforms leading to a politically pluralistic Spain. Several hundred radicalized young officers who call themselves the Democratic Military Union have circulated an ideario (statement of ideas) that demands "democratic freedoms, reforms leading...