Word: bureau
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...F.D.R.s Lap. In scope and philosophy, Charlie Shuman's outfit today has little in common with the Farm Bureau that set out 45 years ago as a "wedding of corn and cotton"-meaning farm interests of the Middle West and the South. In the dire early days of the New Deal, when the bottom had dropped out of farming, the Farm Bureau cheered virtually every program it now condemns. It sat on Franklin Roosevelt's lap, busily buried pigs for Agriculture Secretary Henry Wallace -even had a loose alliance with labor (in exchange for labor's support...
Farmers were asked to vote between a $2-a-bu. support price coupled with strict, mandatory quantitative controls (Cochrane's plan) or no program at all -and, warned Freeman, "$1 wheat." Shuman fired the opening shot at a Farm Bureau convention in Atlanta before the referendum, said that Washington seemed "determined to either rule or ruin American agriculture." Who, he asked, "will run the farms of America? Will it be the farmers or political bureaucrats?" The clincher...
Like Greece. The U.S. farming community, never noted for consistency, today embraces almost as many splinter groups as the Greek Parliament. The Farm Bureau's biggest and noisiest rival, the Denver-headquartered National Farmers Union, is at the opposite end of the ideological and political spectrum. Headed since 1940 by Kansas-born Jim Patton, 62, Farmers Union has 750,000 members, strongly supports the Government's hand on the plow. Says Patton, whose favorite pastime is taking pokes at the Farm Bureau: "What Charlie Shuman doesn't realize is that we've got the welfare state...
Between the Farm Bureau on the right and the Farmers Union on the left stands the granddaddy of all U.S. farm organizations, the 98-year-old National Grange, with 800,000 members. Master of the Grange is Indiana-born Herschel D. Newsom, 65, a roly-poly Quaker and lifelong Republican, who believes that "government has a proper role in agriculture...
Newest and brashest of all is the militant National Farmers Organization. Headquartered in Corning, Iowa, N.F.O. opposes Government farm programs as vociferously as the Farm Bureau; on other matters it is even farther to the right. Under President Oren Lee Staley, 42, N.F.O. (estimated membership: 200,000 in 25 states) maintains that the only workable approach to the farm problem is to control the flow of supplies to market. Staley claims that contracts with six of the nation's 15 major hog processors are now in effect, and that grain marketing is next on the agenda...