Word: by-product
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...Because grades differentiate student work based on its quality, and because students produce different quality work, grades will inevitably differentiate between students. To that extent, outsiders can rightfully use grades to compare Harvard graduates with each other and with other graduates nationwide. But this effect should be an incidental by-product, not a central part, of any reform efforts...
...guided" is relative when describing 500lb projectiles dropped from a few thousand feet at small or moving targets. When bombs do go astray, they can just as easily destroy schools and hospitals as tanks and command centers. Pentagon planners have long ago learned to accept this as an unavoidable by-product of any air campaign - hence the military's anesthetic term for it, "collateral damage...
...walked the property with equipment that detected heavy-metal deposits, then bored some 600 holes and collected more than 5,000 soil and water samples. A color-coded map showed the worst problems: pink for lead and arsenic, green for petroleum and purple for benzo(a)pyrene, a carcinogenic by-product of garbage incineration...
LOOK, MA, CAVITIES! Thought you had heard every reason to quit smoking? Here's a new one: to protect your kids' teeth. It turns out that secondhand smoke can nearly double the risk that kids ages 4 through 11 will develop cavities. What's the connection? A by-product of nicotine called cotinine, once thought to kill off the bacteria linked to cavities, actually does the opposite, encouraging tooth-destroying bugs to grow and multiply...
What will our purposes be? Of course there will be great medical benefits. They will seduce us into forging bravely, recklessly ahead. But just around the corner lies the logical by-product of such research: the hybrid human-animal species, the partly developed human bodies for use as parts, and other grotesqueries as yet unimagined. That is what ought to be giving us pause: not where we took these magnificent cells from but where they are taking...