Word: bypassed
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...early 70s, the courses in General Education were diffuse enough that further bypasses, in the Humanities and the social Sciences, were proposed and passed to augment the Sciences bypass--and suddenly everybody had the option of ignoring General Education altogether, simply by taking two courses in any department instead of a Gen Ed offering...
...operated but also destroyed some of the elements of intellectual sharing. "It began to be undermined almost immediately," says Wilcox. An even bigger problem occured when scientists, dismayed by the historical focus of the Natural Science offerings, proposed and saw passed the first Gen Ed detour--a bypass which allowed science concentrators to fulfill their Gen Ed requirements within their own departments...
...most familiar advance dates from 1967, when surgeons performed the first bypass operation on a patient with a coronary artery blockage. In the procedure, a vein taken from the patient's leg is grafted to the aorta and to the unobstructed portion of the coronary artery, thus detouring blood around the blocked area...
...operation usually relieves angina, the severe chest pain that develops when the heart muscle is not getting enough blood. Bypass proponents also feel that the operation reduces the chance of death from heart attack in many patients. From 1975 to 1980, some 540,000 bypasses were performed in the U.S., too many according to some critics, who feel that drug therapy is safer, cheaper (a bypass costs about $15,000) and as effective in many cases. Says Surgeon John Kirklin of the University of Alabama Hospitals in Birmingham, who performs an average of six bypasses a week: "Bypass grafting...
...Andreas Grvintzig at Emory University, who developed the experimental technique, says it unblocks arteries in 90% of attempts. If the vessel narrows later, as has happened 10% to 15% of the time, the procedure can be done again. Researchers estimate that 5% of those who are candidates for bypass operations might be treated just as effectively-and more quickly and cheaply -by balloon angioplasty...