Word: bypassers
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...Pyongyang, says the Sejong Institute's Song, "did not like Hillary's nuance at the confirmation hearing, that denuclearization comes before a sincere dialogue. North Korea does not want itself to be on a back burner when it comes to the new Administration's foreign policy. It wants to bypass Seoul and strike a direct deal with the U.S. North Korea is sending a message to Obama that it wants an expedited dialogue." (See pictures of orchestral diplomacy in Pyongyang...
...They include regulations that allow mountaintop-removal mining projects to pollute streambeds with leftover dirt, and a Bush move to begin to permit drilling for oil and gas on the Outer Continental Shelf. Worse, they also include a drastic weakening of the Endangered Species Act, allowing federal agencies to bypass expert advice from federal scientists on whether proposed projects would have an impact on endangered species, essentially cutting the heart out of the act. "The number of regulations where the Bush Administration succeeded far outnumbered the ones where they failed," says Walke...
...Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute, the University of Arizona and the Mayo Clinic in Arizona report a very small study of nine individuals - three of normal weight, three who were morbidly obese and three who underwent gastric-bypass surgery. The team found that each group harbored a different intestinal zoo of microbes and that following their surgery, the gastric-bypass patients' gut bugs ended up looking much more similar to those of the normal-weight patients. (See the Year in Health, from...
...ability to extract energy and store fat from food changes depending on which combination of bugs are living in the gut. Those who are morbidly obese, it seems, tend to nurture bugs that promote the fat-storage process, which might be a factor in their excessive weight gain. The bypass patients appeared to follow a similar pattern but in the opposite direction, eating less first and then developing bugs appropriate to that diet. It's not clear how the physical act of reducing food intake drives that change, nor how long-lasting the possible slimming effects...
...least, not yet. More studies are needed to follow the same people as they lose weight through diet and exercise, to see if the composition of their gut flora changes - as it did with the gastric-bypass patients. What's more, notwithstanding the seeming cause-and-effect link between gut flora and weight, that relationship can be deceiving; a third factor entirely may be causing both - a diet of highly processed foods, for instance, suggests Dr. David Katz, director of the Yale Prevention Research Center. What's more, says Katz, "regardless of the variation of gut flora in the population...