Word: calcium
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Barry Giles is a victim of fragilitas ossium (brittleness of the bones). No matter how well-balanced his diet or how rich it may be in calcium, his bone-forming cells simply do not make enough bone matrix. The result is that all his bones are thin, slightly porous and extremely brittle...
Through a non-wettable plastic tube, which avoids damage to delicate formed elements, heretofore caused by collecting with glass or rubber tubing, the blood flows into a column of resinous beads (called an ion exchange column). Here calcium is removed to prevent clotting. On this resin are collected platelets, tiny disk-like formed elements of the blood which initiate the clotting process, obtained in this machinery for the first time in substantial yield...
...three years ago that certain fossil sea shells can be used as fossil thermometers to measure "paleotemperatures." His method takes advantage of the fact that normal oxygen contains two stable isotopes, oxygen 18 and oxygen 16, in the proportion of 1 to 500. When a sea mollusk takes up calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to build its shell, the proportions of the oxygen isotopes in it vary with the temperature of the sea water. The warmer the water the less oxygen 18 is built into the shell...
...most distant nebulae studied so far, the bright "H" and "K" lines of glowing calcium, which are normally blue, are shifted into the green band of the spectrum. If they were bright enough to be seen in color, human eyes would actually see them as green instead of blue. This means that the motion of the nebula has lengthened the wave length of its blue light by more than 800 angstroms (.000003 in.). "It's a tremendous shift," says Dr. Hubble. "In our own stellar system, the average shift is only a fraction of one angstrom...
...Milne, who died last year. The light from the distant nebulae, said Milne, is "fossil light." It started its journey several hundred million years ago, and light in those ancient days may have been different from light today, just as dinosaurs are different from modern animals. The glowing calcium atoms that now give blue light, for instance, may have given green light then. When the fossil green light reaches the earth, Milne said, it fools astronomers into thinking that the nebulae it came from are moving away from the earth...