Word: caldera
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...covered Viking 2 lander; and a photo proving that something-wind, a tremor, a frost heave-has caused a portion of the Martian surface to slump since it was photographed last October. The most spectacular shot in the current album is a "down the hole" look into the summit caldera, or crater, of Mars' Olympus Mons, a volcano that dwarfs the earth's mightiest peak, Mount Everest. Olympus Mons measures 600 kilometers (375 miles)-the width of the state of New Mexico-across its base and towers to 27.4 kilometers (90,000 ft.)-three times the height...
ANIAKCHAK CALDERA. Located near the eastern end of the Aleutian island chain, the area is a geological oddity-a volcanic crater 10 kilometers (6 miles) in diameter and dotted with smaller volcanoes. Inside the crater is a remarkable blue-green lake on which seaplanes carrying sightseers can land. The more adventuresome can canoe down the Aniakchak River, which flows out of the lake through a cleft in the crater wall and drops some 600 meters (2,000 ft.) and 43 kilometers (27 miles) to the North Pacific...
...military dictatorships, Leoni won the presidency in 1963 and served for five uneasy years. His Democratic Action Party lost the next election by a scant 33,000 votes, but Leoni broke with his country's tradition of political violence by welcoming his successor, Rafael Caldera, into office. "Civilization," Leoni declared, "has triumphed...
Santorini's caldera, or crater, is five times the size of Krakatau's. Quarry operations have disclosed that the ash blanket at Santorini reached a depth of 160 feet as against a few inches at Krakatau. For these reasons and others, geologists assume that the Santorini explosion must have had three or four times the force of Krakatau's. Within a very brief span of time, apparently, Santorini released energy estimated to be equivalent to the blast from a 400-megaton nuclear bomb...
Until recently, Venezuela, the world's largest oil exporter, remained immune to this nationalistic fever. Now it, too, is succumbing. Last week President Rafael Caldera signed into law a bill nationalizing natural gas. Foreign participation in ownership of banks in Venezuela has been restricted, and a new law setting more stringent standards for investments from abroad is in the offing. But for U.S. investors the most worrisome measures are those that the government has directed toward its foreign-supervised oil concessions...