Word: caliphs
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...first recorded air-conditioning sys tems was devised in the 8th century by the Caliph al-Mahdi of Bagdad. He transported snow from the Zagros Mountains via camel trains, packed it in. the double walls of his summer home...
...Mohammed neglected to set up a succession, and his oldest and closest associates chose as Caliph [successor] Abu Bakr, who immediately directed the Moslem breakout from the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabs' two great neighbors, the Persian and Byzantine empires, were exhausted by long wars...