Word: caliphs
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Last Temptation of Christ yearned to be a priest. But another vocation beckoned. Charles and Catherine Scorsese, who today make occasional endearing cameo appearances in their son's films, took young Marty to the movies, and it was ossessione at first sight. He talks of old movies as a caliph might of all his beautiful women. So many films, so much informed love. "Watching Land of the Pharaohs as a kid, I felt I was in ancient Egypt," he recalls. "And I've been obsessed with CinemaScope since I saw The Robe at the Roxy in 1953." (Cape Fear...
...Constitutional and representative government has been a miserable failure in the Arab world," says Elie Kedourie, a renowned scholar of Islam. "Elections and parliaments have no roots in classic Muslim thought. Only one figure holds ultimate legitimate authority in both the secular and religious realms, and that's the Caliph. The title may change, but the theory does...
...religious authority to declare jihad? In Islam's dominant Sunni branch, that power formerly belonged to the caliph, or political successor of Muhammad, who united religious and temporal rulership. But no caliphate has existed since 1924, and Sunni jurists today believe the power rests with any legitimate Muslim political authority. Lufti Dogan, a former Turkish Religious Affairs Minister, says all Muslims can be called to jihad, but there is greater receptivity to the call in Shi'ism, the minority branch of Islam that is dominant in Iran...