Word: canalizes
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Himalayan Snows. The problem of the Indus basin is that its six rivers (the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Beas) have their upper waters in India, yet flow through Pakistan to empty into the Arabian Sea. For 5,000 years-until partition-the river and canal network was developed as a single unit, creating a valley civilization that stretched back three millenniums before Christ. When the British took over in the 18th century, they added hydraulic engineering to the big and small canals leading off from the fingers of the river system. Some of the canals carry as much water...
...when India and Pakistan separated amid bloodshed that was exceeded in the 20th century only by the two World Wars, a border line was drawn through the Indus valley, and the water squabble began. Prime Minister Nehru protested that Pakistan demanded practically all the canal flow, while vast areas of India were "simply thirsting and panting for water." Pakistan cried that India's huge irrigation and water-development schemes would turn millions of Pakistani acres into a dust bowl. When India abruptly cut off the waters of one canal system for a month, a Pakistani leader threatened invasion, shouted...
...onetime chief of the U.S. Tennessee Valley Authority, visited the subcontinent and concluded that while the two nations quarreled over how much water each got, fully 80% of the Indus flow swept unused to the sea. The question was "pure dynamite," Lilienthal noted, and he urged that an extended canal system be "designed, built and operated as a unit," jointly financed by India, Pakistan and the World Bank...
Baxter, author of a research paper on the legal problems of the Suez Canal and other international water ways, has been a member of the Law School Faculty since...
...SUEZ CANAL LOAN to deepen and widen waterway may be granted soon to United Arab Republic by World Bank. It would provide most of $100 million needed to increase depth to 40 ft., thus allowing 55,000 d.w.-ton supertankers to go through canal...