Word: canals
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...seemed an everyday thing to do. But in the Canal Zone, what flag to fly where is a passionate issue-and a symbol of a bitter dispute between the U.S. and the tiny Republic of Panama. So high is the feeling between Panamanians and the Zone's 36,000 U.S. residents that Canal Zone Governor Major General Robert J. Fleming Jr. decided to fly both Panamanian and U.S. flags at 17 carefully selected locations. Elsewhere-including the schools -no flags at all would...
...immediate appeal for order by President Roberto F. Chiari, 58, Panama's usually sensible businessman-President, might have helped the situation. But Panama's national election is May 10, and though Chiari cannot run again, anything temperate regarding the Canal would ruin his party's chances. In his presidential palace, Chiari fired off angry cables. He charged the U.S. with "unprovoked armed attack." In a wire to the Organization of American States, he announced that he was breaking diplomatic relations with the U.S., demanded an emergency session of the U.N. Security Council, where Panama's representative...
...Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American Affairs, and Cyrus Vance, the new Deputy Secretary of Defense, racing down to Panama by jet. Finally, he put in a personal call to President Chiari, urging calm and arguing that "there had to be a stop to the violence" before any canal dispute could be discussed...
...with an O.A.S. mediation commission, Chiari was demanding "just indemnification" for damages and assurances that the U.S. "will never again unloose similar actions of aggression against a weak and innocent people." He denounced the 1903 treaty and all subsequent pacts under which the U.S. has "perpetual" rights to the Canal Zone. Nothing less than "complete revision" of the entire operation would lead Panama to resume diplomatic relations...
...negotiate, but how far it would go on the treaties was open to question. Panama owes its existence as a nation (before 1903 it was a part of Colombia) to Teddy Roosevelt's diplomacy and determination to build the waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific. But the present canal is rapidly growing obsolete. The U.S. no longer considers it vital to defense in these days of missiles and two-ocean navies, is seriously considering a second canal to handle growing commercial traffic. Yet 5,600,000 tons of shipping still pass through the old locks each month. And Panama...