Word: cancered
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...When the cancer has had time to "take," the mouse is injected with a just-under-killing dose of the chemical to be tested. After a week or so, a girl kills the mouse by crushing its fragile skull. Then she slits open its belly skin and measures the cancer, which is usually by this time a grey-pink, rounded mass as big as a thumbnail. If the tumor has disappeared or has not grown as much as expected, the chemical is listed as promising enough for further testing...
Eggs & Tubes. Another type of testing is done on eggs. A girl technician examines a fertile egg under a strong light, finds the developing embryo, and cuts a square hole in the shell above it. She plants a bit of cancer on the embryo, and seals the hole with a glass window stuck on with wax. The egg is put in an incubator. As the embryo grows, the cancer grows too. The embryo's blood vessels turn aside to supply the cancer, which frequently grows until it is nearly as big as the chick. Drugs are tested by injecting...
Another method is tissue culture. Bits of cancer tissue are stuck to the side of a test tube. A nutrient solution (made of such unlikely ingredients as extract of human placentas) is added. The tube is sealed and put on a vertical merry-go-round in an incubator. As the merry-go-round revolves slowly, the solution washes over the cancer tissue, which grows vigorously just as if it were in a living body. Drugs can be tested against it simply by adding them to the solution...
Sloan-Kettering now has 2,300 chemical agents on file, and has already tested some 1,500. Six of them proved to have a good "differential effect" against one or more types of mouse cancer. A couple of dozen had some lesser effect. According to Dr. C. Chester Stock, head of the Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, this record is by no means discouraging. As the records and experience accumulate, the scientists are learning how to predict whether a compound is worth testing. If a new one has a slight effect, one of its close relatives may prove better. And each...
Cell City. Long-range figuring-out is the duty of such men as Dr. George B. Brown, head of the Protein Chemistry Division. Dr. Brown and his assistants are studying the chemistry of both normal and cancer cells, looking for differences that they may exploit...