Word: cancers
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...Researchers in Sawyers' lab began with a chemical that showed promise in attaching to the androgen receptor on cancer cells. Then the scientists, like composers writing variations on a theme, synthesized nearly 200 versions of the drug and screened each one on prostate-cancer cells that had been engineered to be drug-resistant. In the end, two molecules - RD162 and MDV3100 - fit the experimental criteria, binding to the receptor site without stimulating cancer-cell growth. Both chemical compounds were then tested in mice. "They caused the tumors to shrink significantly," says Sawyers...
...Unlike typical antiandrogen cancer drugs, the new compounds appeared to work by more effectively blocking the androgen receptors on the cancer-cell surface, even when the total number of receptors on the cells was high, as is the case in resistance. (Read "Vitamins Do Not Prevent Prostate Cancer, Study Finds...
...drug company Medivation, for which Sawyers is a paid consultant, chose MDV3100 to test in a clinical trial. In initial studies, 30 patients who had drug-resistant prostate cancer were given doses of MDV3100. Twenty-two showed a sustained reduction in their blood levels of prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, a protein that is elevated in the presence of prostate cancer; in 13 of those 22, the decline was more than 50%. That Phase 2 trial is ongoing, but the drug has shown enough promise to prompt the Food and Drug Administration to grant Medivation permission for a large-scale...
...shrink and white fat starts to emerge. (From a biological perspective, brown fat is also highly inefficient, since cells don't need heat to run; rather, they use ATP, another chemical produced by mitochondria.) Adults with appreciable amounts of brown fat are usually those who have certain types of cancer or hyperthyroidism, conditions that stimulate the growth of brown fat. (Read an article about how kids who lack self-control are more likely to gain weight...
...sense, scientists have known this for years. While scanning patients with positron emission tomography (PET), an imaging technique often used on cancer patients to detect the spread of tumors, scientists have long noted the excess activity of brown-fat cells in their images. They just didn't realize what they were looking...