Word: canonically
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...result, the defendant may remain silent-while the jury scrutinizes his lawyer's every word for any hint of doubt as to his client's innocence. In this situation, says Freedman, the lawyer's moral dilemma is compounded by the American Bar Association's 1908 Canons of Ethics. While Canon 22 requires "candor" toward the court, Canon 37 tells the lawyer "to preserve his client's confidences," and Canon 15 commands his "entire devotion to the interest of the client." As Freedman sees it, the moral margin winds up on the side of deception...
...Washington's U.S. Attorney David G. Bress, who has written a short rebuttal to Freedman's law-review article, the professor's opinions totally overlook the command of Canon 5, requiring a defense lawyer to use "all fair and honorable means." To Bress, "This can only mean defending without the use of known perjury." In a letter to the Washington grievance committee, on the other hand, University of Pennsylvania Law Professor Anthony Amsterdam defended Freedman's original lecture as "a probing and responsible attempt to answer difficult and intensely practical problems created by our adversary system...
...rather arbitrary. In 1948, the works of Jean-Paul Sartre were condemned for their existential atheism, and in 1952 those of Andre Gide for immorality. Oddly enough, neither Karl Marx nor Henry Miller have ever been Indexed, although their writings were presumably forbidden for Catholics under a provision of canon law that automatically condemns Communist or pornographic books. Last reprinted in 1948, the Index has not had a new entry since 1961, when Rome banned a life of Christ by the late French Biblical scholar, Abbé Jean Steinmann...
Breaking the Law. For Catholics and most Protestants, this kind of ecumenical disobedience is a violation of church rule. Catholicism's canon law forbids interCommunion, although an exception is made for Eastern Rite Catholics, who under certain circumstances may receive - the sacraments in Orthodox churches. While some Protestant groups -such as the Disciples of Christ-admit any baptized believer to the Communion table, most take the view that admittance to the sacrament should be preceded by a confession of faith...
...whom he works rather like an indentured servant. "Old Screwballs," as Gareth refers to him, is clench-lipped, word-shy, and sclerotically set in his ways. An evening with him is an unaltering ritual of despair: one cup of tea (never two), a game of checkers with the canon, a grunt of shoptalk. Gareth's father puts on his glasses to see the paper, never his son. Yet there is a kind of love between the two, all the more painful for being inarticulate. The words that hurt the most on this final evening together are the words that...