Word: canonized
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...heart of the dispute at Stanford has been whether to amend or remove from the university's freshman Western culture courses a roster of 15 prescribed classics. Many scholars regard those works, ranging from Homer and Dante to Darwin and Freud, as part of a sacred canon. But revisionists, including many blacks, Hispanics and women, want to build a new, theme-based program rather too cleverly called CIV (short for Culture, Ideas and Values...
...patented products and processes suggests that Japanese innovations may on average be more significant than those of their American rivals. Moreover, the Japanese are snaring a fast-growing share of all U.S. patents. Last year, for the first time ever, the top three recipients of American patents were Japanese: Canon, Hitachi and Toshiba. General Electric, which had held the No. 1 spot for at least 25 years, until 1986, was in fourth place...
Among individual companies, Japan's Canon, a manufacturer of cameras, printers and copiers, has been outstanding. In the past decade the firm has pushed its annual U.S. patent total from 158 to 887. During the same period, the annual number of patents issued to General Electric fell from...
Important Japanese innovations cover a broad range of industries. A computerized automobile carburetor manufactured and patented by Nissan Motor was cited about 50 times in subsequent applications. Computer Horizons considers 50 follow-up citations an extraordinarily high number. Canon's patent for the optical disc, one form of which is the compact disc sold in record stores, was mentioned 56 times. An antibiotic developed by Takeda Chemical Industries earned more than 100 subsequent citations. Among recent advances, Hitachi has patented various processes for a higher-resolution TV, called IDTV, which produces a much sharper picture than conventional color TV. Some...
...atmosphere at many Japanese research labs has changed in recent years and now fosters more inventiveness. Gone are the legions of men in dark suits and white shirts at Canon's research center, nestled in the hills of Atsugi, just outside Tokyo. Today researchers sport jeans and T shirts, and no one wears a tie. This may seem superficial, but it symbolizes the greater freedom of inquiry, which is stimulating innovation. Says Yoshioki Hajimoto, vice director of the center: "Surprised visitors often comment that this place seems too free." The ambience has contributed to Canon's remarkable success in developing...