Word: cantonment
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Twenty old U. S. residents of China released in Shanghai a survey of conditions in the nine Japanese-occupied Chinese cities of Nanking, Kaifeng, Suchow, Chinkiang, Canton, Soochow, Hangchow, Hankow and Tsinan. The cities' pre-war combined population of 5,800,000 had shrunk, they said, to 2,400,000. The Chinese puppet administrations were "weak, inefficient and corrupt," business was depressed, there was widespread unemployment, prostitution was rampant and narcotics were sold openly under Japanese auspices. Their conclusion: "The whole former trend of constructive development has been shattered, and devastation, chaos and oppression brought in a regime which...
...saint like Dr. Sun Yatsen, who in 1911 had stirred the Chinese to overthrow the corrupt Manchu dynasty. He was just the son of a South China wine merchant, who had been trained in the Military Academy at Tokyo, and later became president of the Whampoa Military School in Canton. When Dr. Sun died in 1925, China was overrun by warlords. It took a hardheaded soldier like Chiang to command the loyalty of the Kuomintang. Hardheaded men in Chinese politics are not stubborn idealists -against odds they normally quit or sell...
...willingly accepted Communist help during his great campaign from revolutionary Canton up to Shanghai and the rich Yangtze valley in 1927. Once his objectives were in sight the Generalissimo turned on the Communists and machine-gunned many of their Shanghai supporters...
...fight General Plague, General Flood, and General Attrition. The Japanese sack of Nanking will go down in history as the greatest mass sexual orgy of modern times - thousands of women and girls were assaulted to top off the mass execution of thousands of civilians. The fall of Canton last October was equally extraordinary: fearful that the story of Nanking would be repeated, Canton's 860,000 residents virtually abandoned the city within a few hours of the Japanese arrival - probably the greatest spontaneous civilian evacuation in history...
Great Trek. With the fall last autumn of Hankow and Canton, the two ends of Chiang Kai-shek's railway supply line, the Chinese lost the route by which they were accustomed to receive munitions from British Hong Kong. This terrific blow caused western wiseacres to proclaim that Japan had won the war. But the capture of the Canton-Hankow railway terminals instituted a new period of Chinese resistance. With Chiang's capital removed to Chungking in interior Szechwan, a new motor road was completed across mountain ranges and torrid jungles to British Burma, which fronts...