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...South Africa's nine homelands, or tribal reserves assigned to blacks, the Transkei will thus remain a stepchild of the white-supremacy government of Pretoria. Though its gross national product ($120 million) and per capita income ($130) exceed those of a dozen independent African states, the figures are misleading. Three-quarters of the Transkei's annual operating budget is contributed by South Africa, and 70% of its national income consists of remittances from members of the Xhosa tribe who work "abroad"-in the mines, factories and farms of white South Africa -as migrant laborers. Admits a black civil...
MOZAMBIQUE. Pop. 9,300,000. Independent (from Portugal) since June 1975. One-party Communist-socialist regime. Literacy: 7%. Per capita G.N.P.: $200. Exports: cashew nuts, sugar, cotton. Economy was hurt by the ten-year preindependence guerrilla war, which was followed by a flight of skilled whites and imposition of doctrinaire socialism. The country is heavily dependent upon transit trade with South Africa and $120 million a year in wage remittances from Mozambicans employed in its mines...
BOTSWANA. Pop. 700,000. Independent (from Britain) since 1966. Multiparty parliamentary democracy. Literacy: 10%. Per capita G.N.P.: $280. Exports: beef, diamonds, hides and skins. Economy is expanding (exports have increased twelve times since independence, to $120 million in 1975) with the discovery of abundant mineral wealth and substantial foreign investment...
ANGOLA. Pop. 6,400,000. Independent (from Portugal) since November 1975. One-party Marxist-socialist state. Literacy: 15%. Per capita G.N.P.: $490. Exports: diamonds, coffee, oil. Economy was wrecked by the civil war and the exodus of white technicians...
Today the most important issue is extreme international inequality. According to World Bank statistics, in industrialized countries the annual gross national product per capita is $4,550, while a billion of the world's poorest people in some areas of Southeast Asia and Africa have an annual income of little more than $100. In the era of space travel, electronics and cybernetics, 73% of the population of Africa, 46% of the Asians and 27% of the Latin Americans do not know the alphabet...