Word: carbon
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...time-honored system has never been trouble-free. Breaker points become worn or corroded; spark plugs get fouled with carbon or lead from souped-up gasoline. Lately trouble has increased. Engines are getting bigger and faster; their highly compressed fuel charges need fatter sparks to explode them, but the conventional system delivers weaker sparks at high speeds. So Detroit's automakers are warming toward ignition systems that take advantage of modern electronics...
...steel lance is lowered through the top of the furnace, like a narrow straw into a thick-walled cream pot, and sprays compressed oxygen at supersonic speeds over the bubbling mix. With a roar that would drown out a brace of jet fighters, the oxygen burns off the sulphur, carbon and other impurities in the white mass. Because it takes barely half an hour to cook a batch of LD steel, v. eight hours in the conventional, open-hearth furnace, the oxygen process melts the costs of labor, power and fuel. Production costs are about $3 a ton lower than...
Students of ancient life believe that billions of years ago the newly formed earth was covered by an atmosphere that had no free oxygen in it. Instead it had methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide and other gases that cannot be breathed by modern animals. Lightning flashes, so the theory goes, forced these gases to form complicated chemicals that dissolved in sea water. There the chemicals reacted with each other and the water, forming bigger and bigger molecules. After millions or billions of years of this process, a single molecule-perhaps a nucleic acid-was formed that had the ability to grow...
Some have theorized that the planet is nothing but a baked desert; others that it is covered with oceans. Still others have concluded that Venus' atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide and nitrogen; they argue that there is neither enough water nor enough oxygen there to support life...
Some of the mystery began to come clear in 1938 after researchers learned to use isotopes to trace the transformation from water and carbon dioxide to sugar and oxygen. But how does light start the process? In the British scientific journal Nature, two University of California biochemists, Drs. Kunio Tagawa and Daniel Arnon, report that they have moved closer than ever before to a satisfactory answer...