Word: carbonated
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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When they were first synthesized in the late 1920s, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs % for short) seemed too good to be true. These remarkable chemicals, consisting of chlorine, fluorine and carbon atoms, are nontoxic and inert, meaning they do not combine easily with other substances. Because they vaporize at low temperatures, CFCs are perfect as coolants in refrigerators and propellant gases for spray cans. Since CFCs are good insulators, they are standard ingredients in plastic-foam materials like Styrofoam. Best of all, the most commonly used CFCs are simple, and therefore cheap, to manufacture...
Hansen thus became perhaps the most prominent scientist willing to say straight out that the earth-warming effect of excess carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases generated by industry and agriculture had crossed the line from theory into fact. By itself, Hansen's bold assertion was dramatic enough. But the unusual string of weather-related disasters that struck the world last summer could not have been better timed to drive his point home. The heat waves, droughts, floods and hurricanes may be previews of what could happen with ever increasing frequency if the atmosphere warms 3 degrees...
...flow of CO2 on earth was caused by only natural processes until less than 200 years ago. With the arrival of the Industrial Revolution in the early 1800s, man suddenly threw a new factor into the climatic equation. Carbon dioxide is released in large quantities when wood and such fossil fuels as coal, oil and natural gas are burned. As society industrialized, coal- burning factories began releasing CO2 faster than plants and oceans, which absorb the gas, could handle it. In the early 1900s, people began burning oil and gas at prodigious rates. And increasing population led to the widespread...
...carbon dioxide, once thought to be exclusively responsible for the greenhouse effect, is now known to cause only half the problem. The rest comes from other gases. Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, are not only destroyers of the stratosphere's ozone layer but powerful greenhouse gases as well. So are nitrogen oxides, which are pollutants spewed out of automobile exhausts and power-plant smokestacks. Another greenhouse gas is methane, the primary component of natural gas. Methane is also generated by bacteria living in the guts of cattle and termites, the muck of rice paddies and the rotting garbage in landfills. Each...
...estimated 15% of the greenhouse effect. Another strategy is to burn as much methane as possible. That adds CO2 to the air, but getting rid of the methane is well worth it. Both gases trap heat, but as a greenhouse gas, methane traps 20 times as much heat as carbon dioxide, molecule for molecule...