Word: carbone
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...active bromine in a form that attaches itself to the lignin in the pulp. Treating solid wood is a more complicated process, but the results are spectacular. When a piece of brominated wood is put in a hot fire, it does not burn. After a while, a layer of carbon forms on its surface, but carbonization stops as soon as the wood is taken out of the fire. Any structure of brominated wood or wood products is safe from fire unless it is stuffed with highly combustible contents. "We could fireproof Japan," says Dr. Lewin, who sees no reason...
Bubbles & Salts. There are two conventional ways of fireproofing wood and wood products, including paper and fiberboard. One is to coat them thickly with paint that releases carbon dioxide when heated and forms a layer of protective bubbles. This process serves satisfactorily for mild fires, but the bubble layer cannot resist intense or prolonged heat. The other system is to impregnate wood with various salts, but this weakens the wood and adds as much as 25% to its weight...
...Strong and his assistants got a smooth curve showing how strongly the Venusian clouds reflect different wave lengths of solar infrared. This curve matched almost perfectly the reflection spectrum of an ice-crystal cloud observed in the laboratory. It was wholly different from the curves of dust, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid formaldehyde and the other noxious substances that are generally considered to be the content of Venusian clouds...
...Strong also doubts the theory that the carbon dioxide known to be present in the atmosphere of Venus must trap sunlight by a "greenhouse effect" and necessarily make the surface too hot for living organisms. The ice crystals in the clouds, he believes, are so highly reflective that they bounce much of the sun's energy back into space before it gets anywhere near the planet's surface. Thus layers of the Venusian atmosphere may be comparatively cool, perhaps as cool as similar layers on the Earth...
...that his intellectual gifts and interests could have been genetically determined, but there was no doubt that they were early and firmly imprinted on him by his father, John Scott Haldane (1860-1936). Longtime professor of physiology at Oxford, the elder Haldane risked his own life by deliberately inhaling carbon monoxide for more than an hour and by sitting in ovens heated as high as 300° F. Young John was only four years old when his father took him down into coal mines and sewers to let him experience the befuddling effect of methane gas. Having figured...