Word: carbone
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Vogel and his colleagues showed that switchgrass yielded 540% more energy as a biofuel than the amount of energy used to grow, harvest and process it. (Corn ethanol yields just 25% more energy.) Greenhouse gas emissions from switchgrass fuel would be 94% lower than emissions from petroleum fuel - almost carbon neutral. Previous studies had come up with similar numbers in small-scale trials, but this was the first study on the level of a working farm. "The idea is that we won't be replacing food with fuel on prime land," says Vogel. "This study shows you can use switchgrass...
...hope those breakthroughs come soon. Another new paper in PNAS underscores just how vital it is to make the transition to low-carbon transport fuels. Scientists at the Center for International Climate and Environmental Research in Oslo quantified the full impact of all our driving, shipping and flying on the climate, and found that transport accounts for around 16% of all man-made carbon emissions - with auto fuel taking the largest chunk. That percentage will only increase over the coming decades - unless we can switch to something cleaner...
...benefits will be multiple: not only will the people of Bali get clean power, but less methane will reach the atmosphere, helping to reduce global warming. The local waste company that owns the landfill will be able to sell those greenhouse gas reductions on the international carbon market, and the entire process will keep Suwung's size sustainable, controlling Bali's growing litter problem. "In Bali, they are aware that if they don't take care of their waste, the tourists will go away," says Bernt Harald Bakken, a Norwegian manager at PT Navigat Organic Energy Indonesia, the local company...
...push the transition to a cleaner, more efficient economy - the Plan B economy - Brown argues for a worldwide carbon tax to be phased in at $20 per ton each year between 2008 and 2020, topping out at $240 per ton. That might seem excessive, but Brown points out that even a carbon tax higher than $240 per ton wouldn't cover all the environmental and health costs of burning fossil fuels, from climate change to air pollution-related illnesses. And while it's difficult to imagine any politician standing up for such a tax, he reminds us that we already...
...problem. Brown's proposals are solid, but the real battle over climate change is now political, not technological, and it's one that too many environmentalists tend to discount. If you've drunk the green Kool-Aid, it can seem frustratingly obvious why we need a $240 carbon tax, or why the climate change challenge is on par with World War II, and thus demands Rosie the Riveter redux. But the true, painstaking challenge of the next few years will be building a broad political coalition that will support that level of commitment. Brown's Plan B is a great...