Word: carbonization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...nearby petrochemical plants. In Tokyo, where smog warnings were issued on 154 days last year, policemen in ten heavily polluted districts return to the station house to breathe pure oxygen after each half-hour stint on traffic duty in order to counteract the effects of breathing excessive amounts of carbon monoxide...
Colorless Contamination. The most obvious component of polluted air is the smoke that pours from millions of home chimneys, power-plant and factory smokestacks, incinerators and garbage dumps. It consists of tiny pieces of carbon, ash, oil, grease, and microscopic particles of metal and metal oxides. Some of these particles are so large that they settle rapidly to earth, but many are small enough to remain suspended in the atmosphere until they are removed by rain or wind. Though the participates, as they are called, are highly visible and often the first target of antipollution officials, they constitute only about...
...smoke from their skies, have now discovered that their drives against pollution have only just begun. A full 90% of U.S. air pollution consists of largely invisible but potentially deadly gases. More than half of the contamination in the air over the U.S., for example, consists of colorless, odorless carbon monoxide, most of it issuing from the exhaust pipes of automobiles, trucks and buses...
...produced by home, power-plant and factory combustion of coal and oil containing large percentages of sulphur. More than a tenth of air pollution consists of hydrocarbons, most of them emanating as unburned or only partially burned gaseous compounds from automobile fuel systems. Combustion also produces large quantities of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other gases...
...People. Pollutants that injure plants and erode stone are likely to have a damaging effect on humans too. Motorists who would never contemplate committing suicide by running a hose from their exhaust pipe into the car often unknowingly endanger their lives by exposing themselves to large amounts of carbon monoxide on expressways and in tunnels and garages. Though an hour's exposure to 1,500 parts of monoxide per million parts of air can endanger a man's life, only 120 parts per million for an hour can affect his driving enough to cause an accident. And concentrations...