Word: carbonization
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...contributes to global climate change. It is simply a matter of common sense: the greater the distance a zucchini has to travel before it hits the dinner table, the longer it takes for trucks to transport it there. As those 18-wheelers burn diesel, they release copious amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere...
...delegates from India and China unexpectedly objected to aspects of the text, including the degree of technical assistance poor nations would receive from the rich for low-carbon development. The impasse - the latest in several tortured days of negotiations - led Rachlat Witolear, the chair of the conference, to twice suspend the open session for further behind the scenes meetings, leading to a real fear that diplomats might leave the island without a final agreement...
...change summit in Bali - hosted by Indonesia, home to some of the world's most extensive tropical forests - that's begun to change. Though negotiators still need to work out the details, nations here agreed to put deforestation and forest degradation - the damage of woodlands, which can also release carbon - as a main element of the climate change deal that will eventually succeed the Kyoto Protocol. That will eventually open up a new market that could be worth billions, as industrialized nations that need to reduce carbon emissions could choose to pay tropical nations like Brazil and Indonesia to preserve...
That works by putting a market value on standing forests. A tropical forest stores carbon, recycles moisture, provides a haven for biodiversity - but its only monetary value lies in being cut down. "The main trigger behind deforestation is that there's little or no value for standing forests," says Paulo Moutinho, who studies Brazilian forests for the Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC). Put a value on forests in the carbon market, and suddenly it makes sense to leave a tree be, rather than clear it for cheap pastureland. The value doesn't even have to be that high...
...valuable as tropical forests may be to the world as a carbon sink, however, they matter even more to the people whose lives and livelihoods depend on them. Some environmentalists fear that a rush to cash in on forest conservation could end up hurting the indigenous people - whether the rubber tappers of Brazil or the forest dwellers of Aceh - that it should benefit most. After all, history has not been good to native people in the developing world who dwell on suddenly valuable land. The key will be to manage avoided deforestation projects properly, to make sure they are truly...