Word: carbonization
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...stunning question that may never be answered: Was Shoemaker-Levy 9 really a comet, or was it an asteroid instead? Comets tend to be a mixture of ice, rock and dust, along with substances, like carbon monoxide, that evaporate easily to form a halo and a tail. Scientists studying the chemical composition of the spots on Jupiter where S-L 9 hit thought they might see evidence of water and oxygen, two of the expected products when an icy comet vaporizes. But except for one unconfirmed report,researchers have found only ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur...
...Federal Government. Last month the EPA proposed the first nationwide emissions standards for mowers, garden tractors and other gas- powered garden machinery. The regulations go into effect next year, and by 2003 they are expected to reduce hydrocarbon emissions produced by such equipment 32% and carbon-monoxide emissions...
California is moving even faster and further. The Golden State, which in 1963 became the first to regulate automobile emissions, last year became the first to set strict standards for garden machinery: "the single largest unregulated source of carbon-monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions," according to the California Air Resource Board. Under the new regulations, emissions must be reduced 45% by 1995 and an additional 55% by 1999. The board estimates that annual pollution from small engines in the state is equivalent to 3.5 million new cars running a distance of 16,000 miles each...
...pivotal discovery came in 1976, when Drs. J. Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus at the University of California, San Francisco, made a startling observation. They saw that a viral gene known to cause cancer in chickens was practically a carbon copy of a normal gene found in animal and human cells. The virus had somehow stolen a perfectly good gene and put it to bad use. This finding helped lead to a general conclusion: cells become cancerous because their normal genetic machinery goes awry. The culprits that initiate the damage can be viruses, radiation, environmental poisons, defective genes inherited from...
China has the third highest level of carbon dioxide emissions in the world, he said, adding that the U.S. ranks first. Current attempts to correct the problem include developing clean coal technology and protecting forests, which consume large quantities of carbon dioxide...