Word: carbonized
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...cracks in most of the welds of the Navy's futuristic SSN-21 Seawolf-class submarine, the first of which is under construction in Groton, Conn. The responsibility seems to belong to the Navy, which set standards for welding a new high-tensile steel that apparently permitted too much carbon in the welding rod. Though the hull was 15% completed when the problem was detected, builders may have to start from scratch using new steel. There are serious doubts whether the $2.5 billion sub-killing craft will ever...
...waste, they're burning fossil fuels, contributing to acid rain, urban smog and the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In that regard, American utilities have a lot to answer for. The U.S., with 5% of the world's population, produces a quarter of the global output of carbon dioxide, the major greenhouse gas, of which fully one-third comes directly from the smokestacks of the companies that supply Americans with their heat and electric power...
...happens, Saddam Hussein has already become the most significant player on the world environmental scene in 1991. At a time when nations are trying to muster the will to control greenhouse gases and thus reduce the threat of global climate change, Saddam's eco-terrorism raised the amount of carbon dioxide that humans are pumping into the atmosphere by up to 2%. Kuwait's fires are putting out as much CO2 as all the cars, homes and industries of France. While these emissions will stop when the fires are put out, the gas will remain aloft for 100 years. Trying...
...Berkeley team got around that problem by "grabbing" the whirling buckyballs with atomic "handles" containing the element osmium. The handles enabled the scientists to manipulate billions of buckyballs and align them in an orderly, crystalline fashion. By bombarding the carbon samples with a thin beam of X rays, the Berkeley scientists got an accurate computer representation of the soccer ball-like arrangement of the atoms...
SCIENCE: Great balls of carbon! And great ways to use them...