Word: carbonizing
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...from the much more civilized areas of the Near East. Now, in a surprising about-face, archaeologists are sharply questioning their old assumptions about the cultural inferiority of early Europeans. What has prompted this major reassessment is a change in archaeology's key dating tool: the so-called carbon 14 "nuclear clock...
Willard Libby two decades ago, the clock depends on the decay of carbon 14, a radioactive isotope of ordinary carbon 12, which is nonradioactive and stable. Both forms of carbon are found in all living things, and their proportion remains constant during the life of the organism. New carbon of both forms is continuously added through normal metabolic processes. But when the organism dies and the intake of fresh material stops, this ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 begins to change. The amount of carbon 12 stays the same, but the unstable carbon 14 begins to disintegrate. The radioactive...
...American Journal of Physiology that the metabolic rate of persons engaged in transcendental meditation decreased significantly. The heart pumped less frequently; the electrical resistance of the skin, an indication of emotional tension, increased markedly, showing that the meditator was relaxed; and his body produced smaller amounts of carbon dioxide. The brain's alpha waves increased in intensity-another sign of relaxation-while less lactic acid was produced in the blood, a possible indication of reduced anxiety...
Hoping to transmit the gene to the human cells, the scientists placed a solution of the gene-bearing viruses in a lab flask containing the cells. Then they incubated the culture at body temperatures in an atmosphere enriched with carbon dioxide. The next step was more subtle: to determine whether the viruses had actually invaded the cells and insinuated their genetic instructions into them. If the genetic transfer had really taken place, the researchers reasoned, the cells would begin issuing their own instructions for making the enzyme...
Service saw no point in fuzzing the issue by using euphemisms like "agrarian reformers" for Communists. Mao declared that his was genuine Communism. But he made a distinction that was to be lost on the West for more than two decades: his was a Chinese, "nationalist" Communism and no carbon copy of Moscow's. Mao hoped for U.S. military aid in the war against Japan. He insisted that after Japan's defeat, the U.S. and the China that he expected to influence or control must be close friends. Mao's Communists, Service decided, must be reckoned with...