Word: carbons
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...tunnel of Ricken, in Switzerland, last week, a freight train stopped, filled the air with dense, deadly carbon monoxide gas; nine railroad workers, trapped, suffocated...
...Humpty-Dumpty were rehearsed by Prof. Paul Sabatier, faculty dean of Toulouse University, who described the personality and performances of Marcellin Berthelot (1827-1907) under whom he had worked at the College de France. Berthelot it was who first prepared "organic" compounds (containing the inevitable constituent of living matter, carbon) from their constituent elements: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon. It seemed then as if Chemist Berthelot had made life from dead matter though nowadays the things he made, benzene, alcohol, etc., are regarded more calmly. (Next year France will observe the centennial of Berthelot's birth in a "house of chemistry...
...heated mercuric oxide, he thought this atmosphere was "dephlogisticated air." Fortunately, while touring Europe with a patron, he met the Frenchman, Lavoisier, and told him of his experiment. Lavoisier later worked out the modern theory that combustion ("fire") consists in the union of oxygen with another element, usually carbon-a discovery nearly as important as Newton's detection of gravity through the fall of an apple...
...Named for the late Engineer Clifford M. Holland who devised the system of fans that is guaranteed to keep the tubes freer of carbon monoxide than a car-crowded city street. *The next largest: Blackwell Tunnel, under the Thames in London; length...
...Field's medical confreres were vexed at his publicity. The explanation: radium activates chemical processes that would otherwise occur very slowly if at all. Chemicals coloring the hard carbon-crystals of diamond are oxidized by radium in salts or even weak solutions. Cost ratio: a $100 yellow stone (½ karat) was changed to a $700 blue-white stone in four days, using $8,000 worth (100 milligrams) of radium. The less radium, the longer the time necessary. A difficulty: for speediest effects, the gems, and hands of the experimenters, must be directly exposed to the radium, risking burns...